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未經(jīng)同意將保管的財物出售行為構成何罪?

作者:上海刑事律師時間:2015-06-22瀏覽量:726

【案情】
    2013年5月10日馮某從楊某處租賃一批水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備用于電桿的生產(chǎn)。
    2013年9月,楊某因資金短缺委托馮某出售該水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備,后宋某聯(lián)系馮某想購買,楊某將水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的發(fā)票以及合格證等原件交給馮某,馮某也將發(fā)票等原件給宋某看,宋某想分期付款,但是這種付款方式卻遭到楊某的拒絕,楊某決定不出售了。
    當時馮某為償還高利貸,沒有將此消息告訴宋某,反而在2013年11月15日,以水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備所有人楊某的身份將該水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備出售給宋某,并將該水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備交給宋某使用,宋某陸續(xù)支付了35萬元的貨款,馮某用該款20萬元償還高利貸,其余的用于自己做生意,后楊某多次催要租金并問水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的情況,馮某在2013年12月支付了8萬元的租金,同時采取手段隱瞞了自己將水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備出售的事實,后楊某聯(lián)系不到馮某,楊某到電桿生產(chǎn)廠房了解才知道馮某已經(jīng)出售該設備。

【分歧】
     本案中,占有人將自己合法占有的水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備私自出售的行為如何定性存在兩種不同的意見:

第一種認為,馮某的行為構成了合同詐騙罪。理由因為是馮某冒用楊某的名義私自簽署合同,隱瞞所有人楊某不愿出售設備的事實,將別人的生產(chǎn)設備出售給他人,所得貨款也沒有交給設備所有人楊某,反而用于償還自己的高利貸、自己做生意,具有非法占有的主觀想法。

第二種認為,馮某的行為構成了侵占罪。理由是因為馮某將自己代為保管的他人財物非法據(jù)為己有,后私自出售,數(shù)額巨大,并拒不歸還。

【評析】
    其一,馮某與買水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備人宋某之間的進行買賣行為屬于民事行為。在馮某以代理人的身份向宋某出示水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的購買合格證、發(fā)票原件等,后將該設備出售。依照我國民法關系的相關規(guī)定,購買人宋某依然能夠取得對水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的所有權,并沒有受到財產(chǎn)的損失。根據(jù)《物權法》德第一百零六條規(guī)定,無權處分人將動產(chǎn)轉給受讓人的,所有權人有權追回動產(chǎn);但符合下列情形的時候,受讓人取得該動產(chǎn)的所有權:(一)受讓人受讓該動產(chǎn)或不動產(chǎn)時是好意的;(二)以合理的價格轉出;(三)轉儲的動產(chǎn)或不動產(chǎn)依法律規(guī)定應登記的已經(jīng)登記,不需要登記的已經(jīng)交付給受讓人。本案中,馮某隱瞞所有權人在得知分期付款后并不愿出售的事實,對此購買人宋某并不知曉。宋某在購買水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的過程中對馮某提供的該設備合格證、購買發(fā)票進行了認真必要的審查,并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)異常,已經(jīng)盡到注意的義務。該設備的價款與實際價值之間基本沒有差異,買。因此應認定宋某在購買該設備時是好意的。雖然馮某沒權處理該設備,但宋某支付了對價,依法仍然能夠取得該設備的所有權,且因產(chǎn)權變更時無需登記,只要交付就可以,現(xiàn)實中馮某已經(jīng)將該水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備交給宋某,此時對于宋某而言,已經(jīng)取得了水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備所有權,并不存在損失。對于受到財產(chǎn)損失的楊某而言,依照《物權法》第一百零六條第二款“受讓人依前款規(guī)定取得動產(chǎn)所有權,原所有權人有權向無處分人請求賠償損失”之規(guī)定,楊某有權向馮某請求賠償,綜上所述馮某冒名出售水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的行為屬于民事法律關系調(diào)整的范疇之內(nèi)。#p#分頁標題#e#
     其二,本案中,張某冒用他人之名出售水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的行為,客觀上沒有造成買受人宋某的財產(chǎn)損失,主觀上也是想獲取買水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備款償還債務。因此這種行為只造成了民事法律關系,并沒有實際損害法益,所以不能認定為合同詐騙罪。馮某并沒有非法占有的主觀想法。而合同詐騙罪中的非法占有主觀想法。本案中馮某獲取合同相對方宋某支付的貨款,其并沒有非法占有的主觀故意,因為其向合同相對方宋某也交付了水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備。不能因為其沒有將貨款轉交給原所有權人楊某而認定為合同詐騙中的非法占有。其沒有將貨款轉交給楊某的行為,該行為所表現(xiàn)的主觀想法,應該將其納入馮某與楊某的法律關系中進行評價,應該屬于侵占罪中的非法占有。

其三,本案的受害人并不是購買人宋某,而是原所有權人楊某。所有權的取得必須基于合法的法律關系,占有只屬于部分所有權。前面已經(jīng)論述了宋某基于好意取得制度成為水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備的所有權人,絕對權的一種是所有權,并具有排他性,這種物權是得到《物權法》保護。根據(jù)物權法的相關規(guī)定楊某僅有權向馮某請求賠償,是一種債權,而相對權的一種是債權,只是針對特定人。

綜上所述,馮某占有水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備是基于合法的民法關系。馮某與原所有權人楊某是基于租賃合同,合法的占有了水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備,根據(jù)《合同法》中租賃合同的相關規(guī)定,承租人應當妥善保管所租賃物品。可見馮某在租賃水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備期間有保管該設備的義務,但其為償還自己的債務而非法將該水泥電桿生產(chǎn)設備據(jù)為己有,私自出售,拒不歸還楊某,則構成了侵占罪。

 本文來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng),由上海刑事律師尤辰榮整理發(fā)布,上海刑事律師尤辰榮對刑事辯護案件有非常豐富的經(jīng)驗,在十多年的執(zhí)業(yè)生涯中,尤律師辦理過大量的各類刑事案件,成功為很多被告人辦理了取保候審,幫助他們減輕、從輕處罰、甚至保住了生命。如有刑事辯護需求請聯(lián)系上海刑事律師律師尤辰榮。預約、咨詢熱線:133-7001-1000

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